Map | ONEforest

#	Biogeographical region	Characteristics	Silvicultural challenges of climate change	Dominant Species	Focused FES
1	Boreal/Hemiboreal	Monoculture in Estonia	More intensive precipitation, esp. in winter; shorter and less intensive freezing	Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Alnus spp., Populus spp.	Wood supply, carbon storage, water retention, recreation, biodiversity
2	Boreal/Hemiboreal	Mixed forests in Estonia		Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula,
3	Boreal/Hemiboreal	Monoculture forest in Sweden	More intensive precipitation, esp. in winter; shorter and less intensive freezing	Picea abies, Betula pendula	Wood supply
4	Alpine	Coniferous mountain forest on steep slopes in Switzerland	Heavier and more frequent storms, more precipitation in winter month	Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua	Protective functions against avalanches and rockfall, increased biodiversity, wood production, recreation
5	Alpine	Mixed mountain forest on steep slopes in Slovenia	Heavier and more frequent storms, more precipitation in winter month	Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Picea abies, Acer pseudoplatanus	Protective function against rockfall and erosion; wood production
6	Mediterranean /Sub- Mediterranean	Pure and mixed forests of Pinus sp and Quercus sp. in N-E Spain	Long lasting droughts in summer and forest fires	Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus halepensis,Querc us ilex	Wood production, water management, biodiversity
7	Mediterranean	Quercus sp. forest with sporadic Pinus nigra on sandstone in the slopes of the Tuscan Apennines	Forest fires, long lasting dry periods and hydrogeological risk	Quercus cerris, Quercus pubescens, Pinus nigra	Wood production, biodiversity, protection against erosion and hydrogeological risk
8	Mediterranean	Pinus nigra plantations, partly natural Mediterranean forest on limestone	More intensive and longer droughts	Pinus nigra, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens, Quercus petraea	Natural regeneration, protection against erosion and hydrological risks, firewood source, nature protection (Natura 2000)
9	Mediterranean	Quercus sp and Pinus sp forests in Central Spain	Long lasting dry periods and hydrogeological risk	Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Quercus ilex, Quercus pirenaica	Wood production, biodiversity
10	Continental	Mixed forests of conifers and deciduous species	Heavier storms, more intensive precipitation in winter, long lasting periods without rain in summer	Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, pinus sylvestris	Wood production, recreation, biodiversity
11	Continental	Coniferousdominated mixed forests	Heavier storms, long lasting droughts and heat waves in summer, forest fires, extreme vulnerability to pests	Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp.	Wood production, recreation, biodiversity
12	Continental	Coniferousdominated mixed forests	Heavier storms, more intensive precipitation in winter, longer and more intense heatwaves and drought periods	Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba	Wood production, recreation, biodiversity